The current debate on the social construction of gender has gained undeniable importance in academic production in recent years, as evidenced by the numerous works published, both within and outside Spain, on the role played by women in different historical, political, and cultural contexts. From being largely absent in historiography in general, women have become relevant as subjects of research and are increasingly present in history books covering all periods, including the one conventionally framed between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. In this case, much of the research focused on the 'women and political power' pairing centres on royal women and their female circles, which has made it possible to see to what extent the political culture of the Early Modern period was ambiguous and not only restricted, but also allowed and encouraged women to act as agents of power [translated from Spanish]