While a foundation of basic cardiorespiratory fitness is beneficial for coping with the physiological demands placed on the body through dance training and performance, the extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness levels are related to performance ability is not all-together clear. This study aimed to directly compare aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and anaerobic threshold (AT), to an aesthetic competence measure (ACM) in student contemporary dancers. Participants were 18 contemporary dance students and all undertook a one-off treadmill test to volitional exhaustion in the week leading up to a performance to determine VO2peak and AT. In the same week, a final rehearsal for the performance was filmed to allow retrospective analysis of specific performance competence. Mean VO2peak values of 47.67 ± 5.84 ml.kg-1.min-1 and AT values of 43.18 ± 7.72 ml.kg-1.min-1 (90.68 ± 11.87 %VO2peak) were recorded and mean total ACM score was 52.67 ± 8.74. No significant correlations were found between cardiorespiratory fitness variables and ACM scores. Regression analyses revealed experience level to be the only significant predictor of total ACM score (p < 0.05, R2=0.12, SEE=11.91). The range of choreography used for assessment may limit the present study; nevertheless, as level of experience did significantly predict ACM total score, it is suggested that vocational dance training may be developing the performance and technical skills of students, but not sufficiently developing their physical conditioning. Further investigation of this topic is warranted to unpick the relevance of cardiorespiratory conditioning within dance training and performance, as either a supportive or crucial element.